[Solved] Metaphysical Philosophy Essay Part 3

Metaphysical Philosophy

The first half of the 20^th Century marks a transformation in philosophical attitudes towards metaphysics, which is as dramatic and sharp as any in the history of philosophy in the western world. Metaphysics, in western philosophy, has come to be the study of the inherent nature of reality. It is concerned with the world and the order of being and existence. The primary assumption of metaphysical philosophy actors, including Plato, Aristotle, and Immanuel Kant, is that the intellect of humans is capable of uncovering vital aspects of the nature of reality, which common sense and sciences cannot.

Plato is a well-known exponent of the idealist view. This theoretical perspective links reality to thinking in the mind instead of material objects. The idea renounces the notion of material existence and focuses on the spiritual or mental dynamics of experience. To this end, Plato believes that the physical world around people is not real; no one can tell what it is because it is continually changing. The reality for Plato is that there is the existence of a world of ideas, which is of absolute truth and unchanging. Consequently, he provided some evidence of this ideal world based on moral perfection. For instance, while the societies one knows around them are not ethically flawless, one can still conceive of a virtuously sound individual. For this reason, the notion of moral perfection, in this regard, is primarily from an ideal world in the sense that it could not have been attained from the surrounding.

Conversely, the commencement of Aristotle’s metaphysics is his dismissal of the Theory of Forms by Plato. According to Plato, material objects are not real in themselves and are changeable. Instead, they coincide with an immutable, eternal, and ideal form by a mutual name, and the intellect is the only one who can perceive this form. The point, then, is that, in this world, something that is regarded as beautiful can be, in fact, a deficient manifestation of the form of beauty. For this reason, Aristotle rejects Plato’s viewpoint as clear language and poetic; as an empiricist and scientist, he preferred to concentrate on the reality of the material world. According to Aristotle, everything and every being have intelligibility since the world is made up of substances, which can either be a form or matter or a compound of both.

Last but not least, Immanuel Kant’s intellectual philosophy addresses the question of what people can know. If it can be stated plainly, the response to that question is that people’s knowledge is inhibited by the science of the natural, pragmatic world and mathematics. Kant argues herein that it is impossible to pass an understanding of the supersensible domain of hypothetical metaphysics. Kant maintains that knowledge has these constraints, implying that the mind has a crucial role in establishing the attributes of experience and restricting the access of the intellect only to the realistic domain of time and space.

In summary, based on the arguments by Plato, Aristotle, and Immanuel Kant, it is evident that in metaphysics, almost everything is controversial. Furthermore, the ideas based on this philosophy are often connected with the modern sciences since they are centered on direct experience with material reality. For this reason, it is not surprising that the metaphysicians have little agreement among themselves concerning what exactly they are attempting. Setting these challenges aside, it is apparent that the science of metaphysics projects has three primary features. Metaphysical philosophy informs on the nature of real things and tells what exists. Secondly, it claims to be comprehensive and fundamental compared to other individual sciences. Lastly, it contends to possess a unique form of certainty by reaching intellectually impregnable conclusions.